読デイリー読解 · Daily Dokkai
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N5 · Lesson 14

The ない-form

飲まない ・ 〜ないで ください ・ 〜なければ なりません ・ 〜なくても いいです ・ 〜ないで (without)

In this lesson, you will learn the ない-form of verbs and use it to ask someone not to do something, to say what you must do and what you don't have to do, and to say you did something without doing something else. Lisa has caught a cold the week before the test.

By the end you will be able to say

I have to take my medicine.
Please don't take a bath.
You don't have to go to school.
I came without eating breakfast.
I have to get some rest at the dorm.

The grammar in this lesson

  1. The ない-form — 飲まない, 食べない — The ない-form is the plain 'don't' form of a verb, made from the ます form.
  2. 〜ないで ください — please don't — ない-form + で ください asks someone not to do something.
  3. 〜なければ なりません — must — ない-form without い, + ければ なりません, says something must be done; なくては いけません and ないと いけません mean the same.
  4. 〜なくても いいです — don't have to — ない-form without い, + くても いいです, says something is not necessary.
  5. 〜ないで — without doing — ない-form + で joins two actions: you do the second without doing the first.