Japanese from zero · N4 Lesson 29
Every form compared
と・ば・たら・なら ・ あげる・くれる・もらう ・ respectful and humble keigo ・ the N4 particles
In this lesson, you will learn to choose between the four ways of saying 'if', to say who gave what to whom, to tell respectful keigo from humble keigo, and to keep the particles N4 often mixes up apart, all on the evening Lisa tells the Satos she is staying another year.
By the end you will be able to say
リサさんが いれば、毎日 漢字の テストが できる！If Lisa is here, we can have a kanji test every day!
リサさんが いて くれたら、みんな うれしいよ。If you stay, Lisa, we'll all be happy.
もう 一年、日本で 勉強します。I'm going to study in Japan for one more year.
これからも 料理を 教えて あげるからね。I'll keep teaching you to cook, you know.
リサと 申します。My name is Lisa. (humble)
The grammar in this lesson
- と・ば・たら・なら — four ways to say 'if' — と for what always follows, ば for the condition, たら for 'once that happens', なら for 'if that's the case'.
- あげる・くれる・もらう — giving and receiving compared — あげる gives away from you, くれる gives toward you, もらう receives; each has a keigo form.
- Keigo compared — respectful and humble — Respectful words raise the other person; humble words lower yourself.
- The N4 particle map — まで and までに, だけ and しか, に and で: the pairs that N4 keeps apart.