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Japanese from zero · N3 Lesson 40

Every form compared (2)

らしい/ようだ/っぽい/に違いない/とは限らない/わけがない ・ べき/こと/ことになっている/わけには いかない/ないと ・ っけ/なんか/んだって vs における/に関する ・ 決して/めったに/なかなか/せいぜい/わざわざ/ついに

In this lesson, you will learn to choose between the ways of saying how sure you are, the ways of saying what you must or should do, spoken and written Japanese, and the N3 adverbs. At the club's last meeting of the year, Lisa goes over the forms with a first-year member, the way Matsumoto once did with her.

By the end you will be able to say

A rumor is not necessarily the truth.
Before you write an article, you should check the facts.
We don't use spoken language in articles.
After 決して, there is always a negative.
If you look at this table, you can see the differences.

The grammar in this lesson

  1. Seeming and certainty compared: らしい / ようだ / っぽい / に違いない / とは限らない / わけがない — Six ways to say how sure you are, from what you heard to what is impossible.
  2. Obligation compared: べき / こと / ことに なって いる / わけには いかない / ないと — Five ways to say what you must or should do, from a moral 'should' to a casual 'gotta'.
  3. Spoken and written: っけ / なんか / んだって against における / に関する — っけ, なんか and んだって belong to casual speech; における and に 関する belong to writing.
  4. The N3 adverbs: 決して / めったに / なかなか / せいぜい / わざわざ / ついに — Six adverbs that change a sentence's meaning; three of them need a negative.